A. Simple Definition:
Theistic evolution takes a
modern stance with the acceptance of evolution and the core concept of creationism, a belief that God created all things. As many question the
evidence for evolution, some state that an unguided and random evolutionary process cannot work
by itself, but could if it were guided by God. Therefore, theistic evolutionists hold that God
created the process of evolution to physically form life, including humans. This sect between creationism and evolution seems to be
growing more rapidly today (more information).
B. Overview:
Theistic evolutionists mainly base their stance on their interpretation of Genesis which corresponds to the Day-Age creationist's position of each creation
day being an age. Therefore, their interpretation begins with the beginning. Notice that I will only be quoting passages in order
when necessary. I do not intend to cite the entire Genesis account, just the sections which are at all relevant to theistic evolution. Let's analyze some of their evidence. First, we'll begin
by reading the passages in Genesis which are pertinent to the case.
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1. "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of
the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters," ( Genesis 1:1-2).
2. "And God said, 'Let water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear,' " (Genesis 1:9).
3. "Then God said, 'Let the land produce vegetation . . .' " ( Genesis 1:11).
4. "And God said, 'Let the water teem with living creatures . . .' " ( Genesis 1:20).
5. "And God said, 'Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds . . .' " ( Genesis 1:24).
6. "Then God said, 'Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air,
over all livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground,' " ( Genesis 1:26). |
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These passages show the sequence of creation: water, land, sea life, land life, vegetation, and humans. The Book of Genesis was
written around 1440 B.C. and it just so happens that the author, most likely Moses, knew the exact order of events that
many branches in science have now strongly suggested are true (1).
This is one of the central parts for the relationship between God and science and also a starting point for theistic evolutionists and Christians in general.
What do theistic evolutionists cite as proof that the Bible discusses evolution? The Bible condenses
an incredible amount of information for it's length. Knowing this, many Christian scholars have been avoiding reading the Bible literally since
it was written, most apparently in the 12th century. The two most influential scholars of the twelfth century, who provided the main
basis for theistic evolution and spent their lives interpreting the Torah, were Maimonides and Nahmanides.
They and theistic evolutionists do not interpret the Bible literally. Therefore, when Revelation refers to Satan as having seven heads, they do not believe
he literally has seven heads, but that it addresses the atrociousness of his character. In addition to this, when Christ says to pick up your
cross and follow him, there is no literal cross. Less words and more meaning; this is the guideline for interpretation in the theistic
evolution realm.
C. Defense:
Theistic evolution is very adamant about scrutinizing the Bible for all of its possible meanings and seeks for what is most likely the correct interpretation, especially when it comes to Genesis. While other Christians and evolutionists may criticize theistic evolutionists of compromising the Bible for science, theistic evolutionists see no discord between science and believe that Genesis contains much more than what the average reader may find at a first glance. In essence, stories have multiple layers and meanings. While a children's story may please a child who is interested in the illustrations and the fairy tale, the adult or parent of the child may enjoy the moral implications of the story. Theistic evolutionists and many Biblical scholars feel that such is the case with the Bible. As Christ calls his people be children at heart, the Bible can easily be understood by reading it without searching for deeper truths; however, when the scholar decides to dig for truths of origin, he must use a different lens and uncover the deeper layers of the Bible, which exist for such a scholar.
Theistic Evolution Books
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and borrowed source
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THEISTIC EVOLUTION STANCE
Claim:
The way in which Genesis is written demonstrates how God made use of his natural processes to bring forth all life from evolution.
However, while God made humankind's physical form with evolution, he directly created the Spirit (the image of God) in humans. The
Bible further shows that God takes advantage of nature whenever possible to accomplish his will, intervening intermittently when
necessary. Evolution also provides one with the freewill to accept or reject God without fear of eternal separation from Him. It is with
evolution that God accomplishes certain parts of His will.
The Claim's Conditions:
1.
Genesis must suggest that God created only some things supernaturally.
2. Genesis must state that God created humanity in His image with the Spirit.
3. The Bible must demonstrate God's use of nature to accomplish his will.
4. There must be a plausible reason as to why evolution would thoroughly establish humankind's freewill.
Evidence for Conditions:
1. Notice that God says, "Let the water gather in one place," (Genesis 1:9).
It does not say, "And God moved the water into one place." The latter quote would imply that God physically took the water and moved it.
On the contrary, the writer of Genesis seems to emphasize that the water gathers to one place, most likely by the natural laws that God designed
to govern our universe.
2. "Let the land produce vegetation," (Genesis 1:11). The language shows the land that was made had the ability
infused in it by God to produce vegetation. Therefore, God does not create vegetation, but allows the natural processes we see today to
take control once the Earth is formed.
3. God then says, "Let the water teem with
living creatures," (Genesis 1:20). Then Genesis states, "So God created the great creatures of the sea and end every living thing and
moving thing with which the water teems . . ." (Genesis 1:21). Second to last, "God made the wild animals according to their kinds . . ." (Genesis 1:25). Now we reach the point. See, "In the beginning God created the heavens and
the earth," (Genesis 1:1). Notice that he did not make the heavens and the earth. This is enforced again later: "This is the account of the heavens and the
earth when they were created," (Genesis 2:4). When you make something you form it with materials that are available
to you. When you design a clay pot, you make it with the clay in your possession. Yet when you write a novel, you create it from your imagination. You wouldn't say, "I made a novel;" you'd say, "I created a novel." On the other side, you wouldn't say, "I created
a clay pot;" you'd say, "I made a clay pot." Theistic evolution then asserts that believing that God created natural laws to govern most
all of what he made does not take away His power
and title as Creator. Let's say that I created a watch and now it works off of its own mechanisms. Have I not created the watch? Just
because the watch no longer requires my intervention to make it work properly, does that mean I am not its creator?
The Bible must pay attention to its grammar and this is why so much can be extracted from the way it is written. Theistic evolutionists
often use the above argument for their position.
4. If God did create the heavens and the earth, this means that in the beginning he created all
that was ever created (in regard to tangible things). From this point on in Genesis (Genesis 1:1), you will notice that God makes everything else that becomes tangible. It would be essential to know that the meanings of make and create translate similarly into Hebrew. In Hebrew, however,
the words are more distinct from one another) (1).
Tangibility is specified because God's second and third creation are the spirit (instincts) of animals and that of humankind's (Adam's). These two non-tangible
creations could not have been made from anything that God had already created. The verb change between
make and create is significant here if you read the verse again: "Let us make man in our own image . . ."
Theistic evolution proposes that God has made us from what he originally created in the beginning. You will find that this has been
taught since the twelfth century, starting mostly with Nahmanides and large groups of scholars who were eager to discover all that
the Bible concealed to those not ready to conceive it. These scholars, Nahmanides in particular, suggested that there must have been other
life forms that looked almost identical to humans before humans evolved (the Australopithecines, Neanderthals . . .) (1). Yet no one
knew that the Australopithecines, Neanderthals, the members of the genus Homo and the Cro-Magnon would be discovered centuries
later.
5. God made life and created the basic instincts that would help creatures survive (Genesis 1:20-21, 25). These instincts
are the spirits of animals (spirit in a sense of not being tangible). As for humans, first God says, "Let us make man in our own image . . ."
Then Genesis says, "So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them,"
(Genesis 1:27). So Genesis has God saying that he will make man. Then there is a specific verse in itself where it says God created male and female in his
image. This is the only time in the entire Book of Genesis where make and create are used interchangeably to
describe the same event. Theistic evolutionists claim that God physically made humankind's form with an evolutionary process. If you look at the Cro-Magnon, their appearance
is almost identical to ours. If one of them were walking around today, it is very likely you would not notice that they were a different species.
So God made man's form through the evolutionary process designed to produce that result. And then theistic evolutionists state that God created man in the sense
of breathing into him the Spirit. Here God creates man in his own image, because the image of God is not our physical features, but
our conscience, our morality. To clarify again, God makes man's body and creates his soul. By this stage man is officially made
and created in the image of God.
6. This piece of evidence will address God's nature. Theistic evolutionists point that after reading the Bible, especially the Torah, God
appears to utilize nature whenever possible while occasionally using supernatural methods to accomplish his will when nature is insufficient.
Look in Exodus. When Pharaoh holds the Israelites captive and Moses attempts to retrieve them, Pharaoh will not allow it, (Exodus 5:2). Pharaoh is
warned that these are God's people and there will be consequences for disobeying Him. However, Pharaoh disregards the warning and is later
held accountable. God does not use supernatural methods to punish Pharaoh. Instead, he sends a plague of frogs into his land: "The frogs died in the
houses, in the courtyards and in the fields. They were piled into heaps, and the land reeked of them," (Exodus 8:13-14). This continues. Pharaoh resists and next comes a plague of gnats, then flies, then a plague on
his livestock, then boils, hail and locusts. This type of consequence extends and it's seen that God will many times takes advantage of what he's already
made instead of creating new things.
7. Then the Israelites are finally freed, they begin making their way out of Egypt. Yet Pharaoh, realizing that
he has lost all of the Israelites services, decides to capture them before they can escape (Exodus 14:5). This is when God works with Moses to part the Red Sea: "Then Moses stretched out
his hand over the sea, and all that night the LORD drove the sea back with a strong east wind and turned it into dry land. The waters
were divided and the Israelites went through the sea on dry ground, with a wall of water on their right and on their left," (Exodus 14:21-22).
Now when the Egyptians pursued them, they met their consequence. "Then the LORD said to Moses, Stretch out your hand over the
sea so that the waters may flow back over the Egyptians and their chariots and horsemen," (Exodus 14:26). "The water flowed back
and covered the chariots and horsemen - the entire army of Pharaoh that had followed the Israelites into the sea. Not one of them
survived," (Exodus 14:28). So God used the natural wind to blow apart the sea all night. Incidentally, I also viewed a program on the
History channel where scientists confirmed that a strong wind over a twenty-four hour period could still very easily part that same
sea today. This again displays that God uses nature whenever possible with some exceptions like Christ's resurrection and
the healing that Christ did to show that he was God's only begotten son. Theistic evolutionists also identify God with nature for the
very fact that God created all natural processes (biology, physics . . .). Therefore, it would be likely for God to use another
natural process to guide the course of life.
8. Theistic evolution also states that evolution in itself cannot work properly without something to guide it
in a certain desired direction. They say the chances of random evolution producing all life are so extraordinary that there must be something
directing it besides natural selection (2).
9. God created us with the free will to believe in Him and follow Him or not. If you met someone and they told you
that they would be the best husband or wife you would find and said, "You must marry me because it's in your best interest." How
would you respond? The Bible refers to our relationship with God as a type of marriage. If we worship other Gods, it
is viewed as adultery on our part. So, because our relationship with Him is like a marriage, is it fair for Him to
demand that you commit your life to Him as you commit your life to a husband or wife? God desires us to love Him with our own free
will as you desire your husband or wife to love you. You would not yearn for robotic love, but real love. So what can be made of the
world with good and evil, despair and happiness, believer and atheist? There cannot be a choice between good and evil
without evil's existence. Since I have a relevant experience, I will quickly share it with you. Once I was sitting in a Logic class and my professor was demonstrating how God could not exist. He used the
dated argument that because God is perfect, he could only have the possibility to create a perfect world. The conclusion was that
because evil exists, the world is not perfect, and this contradiction disproves God. A student raised his hand and asked, "What if evil is
a part of perfection?" My professor was dumbfounded. I'd never seen such a look of mystification on his usually confident face during the entire class.
You can guess what he said next. To defend his view, he claimed that it was not possible, and while slightly stuttering he said that evil
disproves God and quickly moved to the next topic. The conclusion to this piece of evidence is that evolution allows you more freedom to not believe
in God, which will be further demonstrated in the next piece of evidence.
10. There is a different scenario of our universal existence here to add to this case.
Let's say God used his power to instantly create everything without any trace of probable evolution (no Homo erectus . . .)
along the way (which of course he had the option to do). So he disregards the evolution option and creates everything spontaneously.
Now, let's say that he's created the universe to be without a doubt 6,000 years old. We humans are walking about the Earth in our complex
societies and what do you think we'd believe to be the cause of our origin? God, of course. There is no other explanation for our
existence. Evolution hasn't even been heard of and nothing else comes close to the reality of God and the Bible. In a sense, you no
longer have the same option to walk away from God. You know He exists. You know the Bible is true. You know that if you cast God
aside you'll be eternally separated from Him. Now it feels as if God is pushing you to love Him beyond the fraction of freewill that retain.
And what does all of this mean? Faith is absent. Faith in God has vanished because God's presence is inherent. You no longer need a
faith in God, which God desires so incredibly; you simply know He's there. You understand beyond the shadow of a doubt that your prayers are heard.
You don't need to cry out to know He'll answer you. You just know because there is no other option. Faith is depleted and truth is objective. It is because of this that theistic
evolutionists view evolution as a necessary part of our freewill.
11. Faith is a crucial part of a believer's love for God. This is portrayed when a woman comes to Jesus and touches his garment, believing she will be healed from her disease: "And a woman was there who
had been subject to bleeding for twelve years, but no one could heal her. She came up behind him and touched the edge of his cloak,
and immediately her bleeding stopped," (Luke 8:43-44). Jesus says to her, "Daughter, your faith has healed you. Go in peace," (Luke 8:48).
This passage also emphasizes faith's importance when Jesus states: "Thomas believed by seeing; blessed are those who believe without seeing," (John 20:29). Because
faith is a critical element in a relationship with God, evolution demands that the believer has faith in God's complete involvement in the creation of all things and in God's
existence. This points toward the existence of evolution as a process that helped make life.
Claim's Conclusion:
Genesis seems to most likely present God as one who resorts to nature when it will suitably serve His will. Genesis seems to also state
that God created things supernaturally and made other things naturally from the first creation. It is in this understanding that God creates all in the beginning,
forms all life, and then creates the basic instincts of animals and the image of God in Adam. Therefore, God used evolution to make our
form and supernatural methods to create us in His image with the Spirit or consciousness.
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E. Analysis:
As I've been reading over the evidence for theistic evolution, it seems most likely that Genesis has been accurately translated due the information
I've cited above. There is an enormous difference between the verbs "make" and "create." Being that this difference is made even more
apparent in Hebrew, I'd have to agree that the writer of Genesis would not make such a mistake as using them interchangeably. Observing
the claim, these verbs are used specifically with certain circumstances. For instance, Genesis does not say that God made and created
the heavens and the Earth. Genesis only states twice that He "created" them in two separated verses.
Let's take for granted that God exists now for the sake of the case. If you contemplate it, animals and humans do have both instincts, with humans also having
the Spirit, and bodily forms. If evolution were true, then God would make our bodily forms but create our Spirit. This would explain
why Genesis uses make and create together when regarding humans. Make and create are also used together with the creation of
animals, being that God would have to create the basic instincts of animals as well (1).
And when I look throughout the Bible, especially the Torah, it does occur to me that God uses nature often to accomplish His will. But
notice that it is God who is manipulating nature. If He creates and manipulates it, it seems not to limit His role in the universe whatsoever. Remember that God created all natural processes
that govern our universe, physics being one of the largest. These natural laws are absolute. Does this mean they limit God's
role in our world? This is for you to decide. But realize, assuming God exists, everything is His creation
and He uses it to His satisfaction. Because He allows natural processes to govern the universe does not mean that He's lost control.
As an example to analyze the theistic evolutionist's stance, think of the president of an automobile factory, for lack of a better example. This man owns the means of production and controls every person and
every machine that works for him. This man does not solely support his entire company. He delegates responsibilities to people, most of all machines,
to assemble the parts and run his business. Because these machines take over the process that he designed, does this limit his role in the company? If he willed it,
could he destroy each and every machine and assemble the parts manually? He could, but it's better for him to assign roles to others and to
machines which will smoothly guide the company. And if someone asked an employee at work, "Who runs this factory?" Would he or she respond by saying,
"The machines; they're in charge." This would be a highly improbable response.
In this scenario, God is the president and the machines are his natural processes. Therefore, God's role is not limited just as the President's is not. Nature only governs the universe until God intervenes. Theistic evolutionists claim that their stance establishes the reunification of God and science that was never broken in God's eyes, but only in ours.
F. Conclusion:
Theistic evolution takes an interesting stance in the modern day struggle to identify the message of Genesis and the cause of our origin.
There are many believers in God who reject this theory because they feel it diminishes God's role in creation, as I've explained above. They also feel it is degrading
to humankind, who is created in the image of God, to have evolved from apes. Others feel it twists the Bible in order to match science's claims
and perceptions. These are thoughts you will have to sift through for yourself and decide whether they are valid arguments or not. As you saw in the evolution section, 91% of Americans believe in God, 89% being Christians, and 52% of those people accept evolution, meaning that many are theistic evolutionists. While it is definitely a view to consider, it should only be believed when you have found sufficient evidence to support it.
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SCIENCE AND RELIGION REUNITE
| Atheism | Evolution | Theistic Evolution | Creationism | Christianity |
| Judaism | Islam | Buddhism | Hinduism | Coexist | References |
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